Clinton Essays - Rodham Family, Lewinsky Scandal, Bill Clinton

Clinton Bill Clinton was born on August 19, 1946 in a town called Hope, with the birth name William Jefferson Blythe. His birth father died in a car accident just three months before his birth. When he was born his mother sent him to live with his grandparents, due to the fact that because of the current economy she couldn't possibly support a child by herself. He lived with his grandparents for two years while his mother was away at nursing school in New Orleans trying to advance her career. His grandparents tried to instill in him strong southern Baptist principles and a desire to get a good education. When Bill was four his mother returned to Hope where she met and married Roger Clinton Sr.. A few years later Bill and his family moved to Hot Springs, where despite his Baptist upbringing Bill attended a catholic school. When he was nine years old he changed schools and went to Ramble Elementary. When Bill was ten Roger Clinton Jr. was born, and at age fifteen Bill took his step fathers last name in hopes of helping his mothers troubled relationship. While Bill was growing up in Hot Springs, the town was plagued by illegal gambling, but Bill had little contact with this part of society despite his parents frequent participation in these illegal practices. As time went by his mothers relationship became more and more unstable with the alcoholic Roger Clinton Sr.. The relationship turned abusive and his parents often separated. In high school Bill was a member of the band, student government, honor society and numerous other organizations. One summer at a political summer camp called Boys State, Bill ran for delegate to Boys Nation. He won this election and was on his way to Washington to meet John F. Kennedy and Senator William Fulbright. Bill said of his victory as delegate to Boys Nation, "I didn't know if I could win a race like that, because when I was a student politician, I was about as controversial as I have been in my later life" (Allen pg.10). After meeting JFK and Senator Fulbright face to face, Bill became determined to enter politics. After high school Bill went to the University of Georgetown where he concentrated on international studies, in order to prepare himself for the world of politics. While enrolled at Georgetown, he had to get job to help pay the tuition cost. He took advantage of the meeting he had with Senator Fulbright to get a job as Fulbright's assistant. While at school Clinton was awarded a Rhodes scholarship and went to Oxford to study for two years. After traveling through Europe and graduating form Oxford, he then went on to study law at Yale in 1971. At this time in his life, Bill did something that would come back to haunt him in his political career many years down the road. During the Vietnam war Clinton tried to receive a draft deferment for his education. Also, despite his hatred for the war enrolled in ROTC. He failed to fulfill his enrollment in the program when he realized that if he got a lottery number for the draft, his chances of being called were slim to none. While attending Yale, he met Hillary Rodham and the two started a friendship that turned into a relationship. After graduation from Yale Clinton planned on returning to Hot Springs to set up a small law practice, but on before he left Yale one of his professors suggested that he seek a position as a professor of law at the University of Arkansas. Bill thought about this on the way back to Arkansas and when he arrived there he called up the University and requested an interview. After a few tries, he successfully landed a job on the faculty and began to teach law at age twenty-eight. In 1974 he decided to run for congress in his district and was narrowly defeated by his elder opponent John Paul Hammerschmidt. After this narrow defeat, he received a lot of attention as an up and coming politician. In 1975 Bill and Hillary got married at a house that Bill had just bought. In a small private ceremony, at the wedding reception he announced his intention to run for office in 1976 but was not positive as to whether he would seek the office of States Attorney General or run again for Congress. In 1976 he ran and was elected to the position of States Attorney General. His term as

Mustafa Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Mustafa Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Mustafa Haba una mujer muy chiquita que se llamaba Chiquitn. Chiquitn viva abajo de una calle. La calle estaba en una ciudad arbica, Mustafa. En Mustafa haba mucho sol, y era muy caliente. Haban muchas personas en Mustafa que podran hacer juegos malabares con espadas. Tambin haban otras que podran hacerlo con antorchas. Chiquitn no tena ningn centavo, y necesitaba robar comida cada da. Era muy fcil para Chiquitn porque ella era muy baja, y las personas no podran verla cuando ella robaba la comida. Cuando las personas miraban a Chiquitn, ella les morda a los dedos del pie, y se escapaba. Haba una persona que se llamaba Pumba. Un da, Pumba fue al Mustafa. Pumba era muy grande, y tena una voz muy baja. Un da, Chiquitn intent robar comida de Pumba. Pumba pud sentir a Chiquitn, y la vio por debajo. Cuando Pumba vio para abajo, Chiquitn le pic a los dedos de Pumba muy rpidamente, pero Pumba la agar antes que lla hiciera mucho dao. -Por qu ests robando comida de esas personas?- Pumba le pregunt a Chiquitn. -Porque yo no tengo comida, y por eso, necesito robar mis cosas,- respondi Chiquitn. -Es verdad?- -Si, es verdad.- -Por que le ests picando a los dedos de las personas?- -Es una manera de escapar.- Si quieres comida, debieras preguntarme.- -No, yo no le pregunto a nadie!- En este momento, Pumba pic a Chiquitn. -Por que haces eso?- pregunt Chiquitn. -Para que supiste como me siento,- repondio Pumba. -Mis dedos de mi pie me duelen mucho. Lo siento, Persona Grande. Que es tu nombre?- -Me llamo Pumba.- -Me llamo Chiquitn. Puedo tener un poquito de tu comida, Pumba?- -Absolutamente.-

Ten principles outlined Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ten principles outlined - Assignment Example The author defines how meditation encourages a healthy lifestyle and increases awareness among individuals. Indeed, through meditation, individuals can recognize and manage their anger with a clear mind, which calms them down (Crane, 2014). Moreover, the article asserts that meditation increases happiness where various studies have established that meditation increases brain signaling in the left side of the prefrontal cortex that derives positive emotions that increases happiness (Crane, 2014). The author quotes other scholars who confirm that meditation increases acceptance and improves overall well-being. Uniquely, studies establish that meditation also slows aging by changing brain physiology. Moreover, the huge gray matter possessed by meditators slows aging. Ultimately, the article confirms that meditation benefits cardiovascular and immune health by inducing relaxation that increases the nitric oxide chemical, which compels blood vessels to open thus reducing blood pressure (Crane, 2014). Apparently, the article is relevant and reliable to discuss the benefits of meditation. I have therefore found the article to be beneficial since it discusses various benefits of meditation. The article quotes relevant studies and scholars that explain the merits of meditation. Indeed, the article supports all its claims relating to the benefits of meditation. Notably, the article is beneficial since it depicts how meditation can improve our health, well-being, and social lives. The happiness, self-awareness, acceptance, good health, and increased concentration that the article presents are fundamental in human life (Crane, 2014). Moreover, the article is current, relevant, and credible to discuss the research topic, benefits of meditation. The article is equally easy to read and access since it is on an international news media. The paper lists, explains, and summarizes the importance of the ten

Why is the term recruitment often used incorrectly What is the correct Assignment - 1

Why is the term recruitment often used incorrectly What is the correct term and expand on the whole process for filling a job vacancy - Assignment Example This is not true as there is a clear distinction between them. So, instead of using the term recruitment alone it would be more appropriate to use the terms recruitment and selection together. Recruitment is the first stage, selection comes after that. These are two interrelated terms. While hiring the best personnel for an organization, the process of job analysis has to be done very carefully. This is important as this process determines the kind of activities that would be included in the job profile and helps to select the people having the qualities that would satisfy the job requirements. The first stage in this process is attracting the candidates for the job (Armstrong, 2006, p. 414). Attracting basically means to identify, evaluate and reach out to the available talent pool. Here a brief idea about the job is given stating the duties and requirements for the job (Armstrong, 2006, p. 418). The advertisement should also include the essential personal characteristics in the form of drive, determination and belief (Armstrong, 2006, p. 418). The advertisement should end with information on how to apply for the job post. Candidates should be specified about the various means like telephone or e mails that can be used for applying for the job. These advertisements for a job vacancy can be published in leading newspaper classifieds, television, internet etc (Armstrong, 2006, p. 418). After the publication of the application, there would be a number of applications for the job. Here the process of sifting or sieving the application forms starts to choose the best applications for the job. This is done by listing the applications on a control sheet using parameters like the name, the date of submission of the application letter etc. After this, proper letters are dispatched to the candidate asking them to submit proper documents like a resume which

Validity, Reliability, and Accuracy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Validity, Reliability, and Accuracy - Assignment Example This is essential not only to be fair to the student but also get an accurate representative of the class as a whole. In addition, writing such an assessment upfront will alleviate the potential for problems down the road. Students may, for example, become frustrated if an exam is perceived to be unfair. Much time may be spent after the exam with students questioning the very integrity of the assessment itself. In addition, if an exam does not properly test student comprehension about the given material, the teacher may reach a false assumption about the performance of the class, and thus their own teaching as well. With these aims in mind, the intent of this paper is to examine the validity and reliability of the hypothetical business management exam given in the preceding two pages. Validity When considering whether or not a teacher should be concerned over the poor performance shown by their students on a particular exam, one should first look at the assessment itself (Kubiszyn & Borich, 2013, p. 326). Exams need to be valid before their results can really be accepted. Simply because the class, on average, received a failing grade on an exam does not, in itself, indicate that they did not comprehend the material. Upon analyzing the exam, the teacher may discover certain problems with the test that make it invalid in the first place. It could well happen that the teacher re-writes a valid exam, gives it to the same set of students, and they all perform marvelously. For this reason, and others, the validity of any given assessment must be judged before any results on the part of the students are considered and recorded. One way to begin testing the validity of an exam is to consider the grade level of the material. If the exam is given to third... Validity, Reliability, and Accuracy When considering whether or not a teacher should be concerned over the poor performance shown by their students on a particular exam, one should first look at the assessment itself (Kubiszyn & Borich, 2013, p. 326). Exams need to be valid before their results can really be accepted. Simply because the class, on average, received a failing grade on an exam does not, in itself, indicate that they did not comprehend the material. According to Kubiszyn and Borich (2013), â€Å"The reliability of a test refers to the consistency with which it yields the same rank for individuals who take the test more than once† (p. 338). The indication here is that a student within a given class should rank in nearly the same place every time if the same exam is given to the same class. According to Kubiszyn and Borich (2013), â€Å"No test measures perfectly, and many tests fail to measure as well as we would like them to† (p. 348). The key is to realize that there will almost be some level of error in an exam, but the teacher must work hard to minimize that error to the greatest degree possible. Finally, there could be an error in scoring. This is particularly important to monitor if a human scores the exam. For this exam, the teacher can eliminate this error, to a great extent, by not scoring the exam when they are tired or in a rush. It is advisable to score an exam in batches, rather than all at once, to ensure that fatigue does no impact the marking of each response.

Egypt And Water Crisis Issues

Egypt And Water Crisis Issues Water is an essential resource that humans demands on In order to live, some countries are affected by the water crisis due to three important resources the scarcity of usable water, drought, and water pollution. Egypt faces water crisis mainly water pollution, which is one of the major problem facing the global circumstance, one of the causes to the water pollution problem is that it is not actually illegal to dump pollutants into water bodies. (Caroline, 2009) In my research paper I will be explaining why was Egypt hit by water crisis describing its causes, effects, and solutions, I will also be using four types of methodology descriptive, statistical descriptive, analytical, and data. Egypt has signed an agreement with other 10 countries to share the Nile river water that provides fresh water for agriculture, industry and human consumption. Egypt not like any other country which is located at the end of the river system allows it exploit massive control over how countries up-stream uses the Niles water resources. Due to the high growth of population and climate change the share of water will be reduced. (Cathcart, 2007) Another problem that Egypt might be facing soon is the share of water between Egypt and the Nile basin states. In the beginning of 2010, several states that are located on the Nile River signed an agreement among them for a redistribution of Nile waters, and by that they threatened Egypts uneven share based on previous treaties. In Egypts poor areas people travel a really long distance to just get clean water and when they get there they maybe shortage of water so they will start fighting over the clean water .(barsoum, 2007) Body Several facts that have hit Egypt with water crisis first of all Egypt maintain legal and political position on Nile water crisis. The main objective of the study is to analyze the crisis of the Nile Basin, and its effect on Egypt. As it, influence the relation between the ten countries falling aside the Nile River. Literature review Eleiba, 2011 explained the new agreement for the redistribution of the Nile water signed by several Nile basins countries. By this new agreement they threatened Egypts uneven share based on previous treaties. Participant states argued the need for a greater share of Nile waters to drive domestic development. Egyptian prime mister of irrigation and water resources also said at the time that there must be consensus among all Nile states to amend any standing arrangement. Upon the new agreement that was signed Egypt and Sudan werent involved and it was a shock for the prime minister because the agreement put an end to the assurance of signatory states towards Egypt. Egypt sent a report to the national security agency and the ministry of foreign affairs to aid us on this false agreement that Egypt didnt sign to but unfortunately no action was taken. But Egypts legal advisor moahamed sameh amr said that they had more than one problem blocking the accomplishment of the framework agreement by foundation countries without the contribution of Egypt and Sudan. Both counties maintain the old status quo of them using the biggest percentage of the water as stipulated in two colonial agreements they signed with the British in 1929 and 1959. Egypt has a right to use about 75 percent of the water while Sudan has 11 percent and the rest of the seven countries share 14 percent. (Eleiba, 2011) After that we will see that Water pollution in Egypt reached complex stage, a report by the Egyptian ministry of environment has indicated that Egypt had reached a drinking water pollution problem which is a complex stage. This resulted from the Nile river which suffered from pollution particularly from canals branching from it, these pollution are caused by swage from cities, towns and, epically from direct and indirect waste produced factories, Egyptian ministry of environment stated that there was lack of cleanliness services over the past years. The problem of water pollution is very complex due to including the lack of enormous investments to get rid of pollution, plus wide number of laws and bodies organization water resources has blocked solution to the problem. (George, 2009) The drought problem now according to Ibrahim Abou Ouf, an Egyptian Member of Parliament, Egypt will face severe water shortages by the year 2025 and portrayed the crisis as a possible drought, the Water Research Center of Egypt announced The report which was issued by the Egypts Water Research center stated that 60% of farms would not be receiving any water due to the limiting of water supplements. Increasing pollution will be one of the main reasons of the shortage of water facing Egypt. The rapid increase in population in Egypt, moreover miscarriage, absence of good management of water distribution and water pollution will be expected as the main reasons for the shortage. During the summer of 2010 Egyptians take to streets to protest water crisis (Ouf, 2007) The methodology included in this paper is descriptive which describes the causes of water crisis in Egypt and the agreements with the Nile basin countries. Second type of methodology is statistical descriptive I will be using indicators to show the economic effects of the water crisis on the Egyptian economy. Third type of methodology is analytical I will analyze the impact of the water crisis and how it influences the potentials of the Egyptian economy and discussing different solutions. The fourth type of methodology is data where the total consumption of water in Egypt has risen to 17%, the share of Egypt they consume 55.5 billion Cubic meters of waters year the main problem is people consider the water when it is being polluted that it is spoiled by anthropogenic which is effected by human activity or does not contain the support of human use, we have other sources that cause to water pollution like storms, volcanoes and earthquakes these phenomena changes the quality and the ecological status of the water. We have two types of water that they are likely to be contaminated but they are naturally, the first type is surface water consists of the rivers, lakes, and oceans covering most of the earths surface. The second type is groundwater which is considered a pristine resource has been shown to be subject to considerable contamination from toxic chemicals. Groundwater is water beneath the earths surface in soils or rocks, or in geological formations that are fully saturated. Some contamination maybe be considered accidental the product of unintended and unexpected waste migration to water supplies, a portion of the contamination was deliberate. Watercourses were simply a convenient place to dump municipal or private swage and industrial wastes. Along the shoreline of many lakes or rivers, pipes dumping human or industrial wastes directly into the water a common occurrence before laws limiting this activity were enacted ad enforced. Water crisis hits Egypt due to two main things water pollution and drought, I will give an example about how water is being polluted in Egypt In one of the articles that I found is talking about the lake temsah in suez . Lake Temsah is at a point where nearly all the waste waters are discharged like public agriculture and industrial this lake is connected to the Suez Canal and of course by that we will see that petroleum oil will be passed that are being produced by the Arab gulf to the rest of the world. The Temsah Lake is a major source of fishing because it serves the area of Ismailia which is a tourism site where the industries flourishes. There have been many complaints and it caused a great affect to the fishing and the tourism industries due to the high level of pollution happening to the lake. For the people living in Brulus on the Nile delta they only have a large puddle of drinking water which is contaminated, fury and desperation took place in Brulus and they went to the s treets protesting about the contained water, one of the protestors said We have to use this water, we have no choice. Dead dogs and donkeys are thrown into this water. Its very dirty yet. We use it for drinking, to wash our clothes and dishes. According to the UN tens of thousands of people die each year in Egypt from water borne diseases or dehydration. Not only people are suffering from water even the crops they are dying from thirst, the farmers are not producing enough crops and it puts the farmers in a critical situation which they are falling in debt due to bad harvest, farmers cant sleep at night because of thirst and they have no option except to ask God for help. One of the parliament members Hadeen Sabbahi said: There is a hidden and ignored thirst problem in Egypt. The protests here brought light to the problem. How can a country that has the Nile River suffer like this? A glass of clean water is a basic right of all citizens. (barsoum, 2007) Now I will shift to the drought problem When the high damn was first bulit in 1964. After 6 years the reservior called lake nasser was full. A predict of 90,000 people were put out of place and more than 5,000 square kilometers of land was flooded. The only everlasting grazing areas of the Ababda and the Besharin were gone under water and the remains of their lands have suffered from a decades long drought. This lead to a decrease in the wealth of the bedouin and the Ababda and the Besharin were one of poorest people in Egypt. In 2007 the Egyptian government and the World Food Program started agricultural projects to present the bedouins an option to life in the desert. The drought problem now according to Ibrahim Abou Ouf, an Egyptian Member of Parliament, Egypt will face severe water shortages by the year 2025 and portrayed the crisis as a possible drought, the Water Research Center of Egypt announced The report which was issued by the Egypts Water Research center stated that 60% of farms would not be receiving any water due to the limiting of water supplements. The factors causing this drought is the Increasing pollution will be one of the main reasons of the shortage of water facing Egypt. moreover miscarriage, absence of good management of water distribution and water pollution will be expected as the main reasons for the shortage. (ouf, 2007). The citezines living in poor area could not take it any more so it lead the to protest in the streets. On the 28th of July 2010 there were thousands of people protested in Cairo upon the government to try to make the government aware of the severe water crisis that is affecting the livelihoods. We will find that the water consumption has increased over time and the reason behind this is the irrigation method these protest are some ways the governments reluctance to relinquish its current share of River Nile water. There were other cities also included in the protest such as minya there were 600 people went and sat in front of the irrigation ministry in Cairo due to the lack of water they are facing. During the previous years there have been protest about the shortage of water but in 2010 it has been more extraordinary. One engineering student from Cairo college riad aldamk was working on a project and he said that Egypts total water consumption had increased by 17% in the last five years, according to studies conducted by the college. Hotter summers were partly to blame. The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) also stated that by 2017 we will face a massive decline of 15.2billion cubic meters from a required 86.2 billion cubic meters to a projected 71.4 billion cubic meters. Egypt consumes 700 cubic meters of water per year and the average consumption of the 15 countries is 1000 cubic meter, the CAMPAS also said that the loss of water comes from agriculture and the blame goes to the irrigation method because they lose about 8-17 billion cubic meter of water per year which is enormous. To help the irrigations system the Egyptian government went on an agreement with the water user association (WUA). During 1984 the water user association (WUA) was established and is one of the measures associated with the IIP project. The irrigation improvement project (IIP a major nation-wide program accepted out by the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation and the USAID, World Bank and other donors since 1984. Their job is to improve t he efficiency of the water and farms level. This program aims to save freshwater by reducing losses on farm level. The WUA also helps the farmers to be involved on how to improve water delivery system and of course that requires them to play a role to ensure efficiency operation and maintenance. The Egyptian government issued law 213 in 1994 where WUAs were defined as legal private organizations at the mesqa level in the improved irrigation systems, owned and operated by their members for their own benefit in the old lands. The same also introduced the Water Users Unions, (WUUs) which are applicable for the New Lands. The WUA and the IIp are related together and by that they have certain functions. The main functions of WUAs as described within the IIP are: Participation in planning, design, and construction of improved mesqas. Operation, maintenance, and follow-up of the improved mesqas. Improvement of water use activities on the mesqa level. Identification of roles and responsibilities of the mesqas head and setting up rules to resolve conflicts. Establishment of linkages for coordination with other agriculture and irrigation concerned agencies. Establishment of linkages for coordination with other WUAs. Development of financial resources in order to improve operation and maintenance. Participation with higher-level organizations of the branch canal and cooperation with the district engineer. Water pollution in Egypt reached complex stage, a report by the Egyptian ministry of environment has pointed out that Egypt had reached a drinking water pollution problem. This resulted from the Nile river which suffered from pollution particularly from canals branching from it, these pollution are caused by swage from cities, towns and, epically from direct and indirect waste produced factories, Egyptian ministry of environment stated that there was lack of cleanliness services over the past years. The problem of water pollution in is very complex due to including the lack of enormous investments to get rid of pollution, plus wide number of laws and bodies organization water resources has blocked solution to the problem. (Aldamk, 2010). Egypt the Nile basin, though, is in the trusteeship of 11 civilizing and ethnically various African nation states, four of which (Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda), have very serious national interests tied up in the river. The river Nile flows in Egypt through Lake Nasser, an artificial lake created by the building of the Aswan High Dam., Egypts capability to manage the annual flooding of the lower Nile river valley through the building of dams and the construction of irrigation systems. Due to global climate change by the year 2020 around 250million people are to be exposed to water shortage Local food supplies are predictable to be negatively precious by decreasing fisheries resources in large lakes due to rising water temperatures, which may be exacerbated by continued over-fishing. Towards the end of the 21st century, projected sea-level rise will affect low-lying coastal areas with large populations. The cost of adaptation could amount to at least 5-10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). (Cathcart, 2007) Another problem that Egypt might be facing soon is the share of water between Egypt and the Nile basin states. An emerging water crisis is emerging between the 10 Nile Basin countries depends on the 6741kilometre stretch Nile River; Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi. In 1999, The Nile Basin countries created the NBI Nile Basin Initiative. Consequently, many disputes created between Egypt and Sudan occurred. Besides, there were many challenges from the other countries on the validity of the agreement. The other countries argue that the agreement was not fair, and that it was assigned during a colonial period, but now Africa is independent. Now, Egypt and Sudan did not want to join the agreement with the other countries. Besides, five countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania) signed an agreement in May without the rest of countries. However, the rest of the countries do not depend on the Nile, but for Egypt and Sudan, the Nile River considered their whole life. From here, the disputes emerged. However, the countries signed the agreement and trying it begins it. Besides, they gave the other countries -Egypt, Sudan, Burundi, and Democratic republics Congo-a chance one year in order to join the agreement. Nevertheless, this agreement ne eds a minimum of six countries to sign. Thus, Democratic Republic Congo and Burundi seemed to be silent about what they plan, but Egypt and Sudan disagreeing about this agreement. In addition, the minister of water Kamal Ali Muhamed decided to stop the cooperation with the NBI as a result of the agreement. (E. Sokari, July 2010) The Nile River is about 3.35 million KM2. Agriculture is the main activity for the people in the Nile Basin. Most of the people in the upper and lower Basin were pastoralist. The upper riparian included Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Democratic Republic of Congo that they have a small use of the Nile as well as generate a hydro-electric power. But Egypt and Sudan located in the lower that used the river widely for irrigation and generate hydro electric power. The upper riparian supply the Nile Water to the lower riparian(K. Abraham, 1997). Egypt considered one of the riparian that use the Nile River greatly. This is because of its historical, geographical and economic situations. Most of the Egyptian people are farmers so they depend on the Nile River in order to live and about 98% of the population lives in the Nile River. The Nile is considered the source of life for all Egyptian so; Egypt made good relations with Ethiopia because 86% of the Nile water originates in Ethiopia (K. Abraham, 1997). After the 1929 agreement between Egypt and Britain, Egypt started to build a huge dam and barrages without asking the Upper riparian. Arsano stated that the Egyptian government desired to control the all the Nile water, during the 19th and the 20th century, by restoring the Nile water into the dams during the floods and this led to increase the security for permanent irrigation(K. Abraham, 1997). After the 1959 agreement between Egypt and Sudan without including the other Nile Basin countries, Sudan get about 18.5 billion Cubic meters but Egypt get 55.5 billion Cubic meters of waters and the high Dam was build that helped in increasing the cropped areas by 103 million acres and helped in generating more hydro electric powers. After this agreement Egypt neglected the need of others upper riparian. Moreover, the new investment of Sinai and Khraga/Dakhala water creations projects were made without any discussions with the upper riparian. Egypt started to make more projects in Sinai and new artificial lakes which led the upper riparian to take actions to use the water of the Nile (K. Abraham, 1997). The second country that uses the Nile water greatly is Sudan. Sudan started to build many dams to protect water for irrigation. In 1925, the first dam was build on the Blue Nile in Sudan called Senna Dam and Jebel Awlia Dam was the second Dam was built on the White Nile in 1937. After the 1959 agreement, the Rosaries Dam was built on the Blue Nile, which helped in storing about 2.4 billion cubic meters km2. Moreover, in 1962, the Khasim-el Gerba Dam was founded and helped in increase the cultivated areas in Sudan (K. Abraham, 1997). One of the main problems of conflict is associated with the equitable sharing of the resources of the Nile River water; Ethiopia is the supplier of the Nile River water but it used a very small share of it. K. Abraham stated that the other upper countries had the same problem as Ethiopia. On the other hand, Sudan considered itself as the main beneficiary of this water. It found that the use of the Nile river water did not depend on law but upper countries said that Egypt and Sudan supplied nothing of it but using most of it. The upper riparian use a very small amount of the Nile River water although they are the suppliers of the Nile Water. Arsona stated that the Nile Basin upper countries want to use some of their resources of the Nile River water but the lower countries (Egypt and Sudan) are going to use more Nile water above their needs. Arsona stated that the water problem increased because of increasing the population rate sharply and each Nile Basin country want to use its water resource to the maximum. This level that each country needed are higher the level of available water resources. The lower riparian used about 65.5 billion cubic meters of the Nile water in the agriculture projects. This amount I 12.26 billion cubic meter more than the total available water resource in the Nile basin (K. Abraham, 1997). According to Arsona This is a clear indication that when all riparian come up with their respective national water master plans the available water resources and national demands will be at irreconcilable variance. (K. Abraham, 1997). Growth of population is not only the main problem but it is one of the main factors, another other significant factor of this water issue that there is no a legal mechanism on the base of which water sharing could be made and regulated. The current agreements are bilateral as well as excessively support lower riparian. K. Abraham stated that the difficulty of the water issue of the using and sharing an equal amount of the Nile water (K. Abraham, 1997). According to K. Abraham, The difficulty of water problem is using and sharing an equal amount of the water; this amount is highlighted by a lot of agreement such as 1902 Anglo- Ethiopia agreement and the water agreement between Egypt and Sudan without Ethiopia in 1929 and 1959 and Ethiopia did not find an available amount of water to use. The increase in the population rate in the Nile Basin countries led to increase the pressure on the Nile water. (K. Abraham, 1997). Actions taken by Egypt In the beginning of 2010, several states that are on the Nile signed an agreement among them for a redistribution of Nile waters, and by that they threatened Egypts uneven share based on previous treaties. Participant states argued the need for a greater share of Nile waters to drive domestic development. Egyptian prime mister of irrigation and water resources also said at the time that there must be consensus among all Nile states to amend any standing arrangement. Upon the new agreement that was signed Egypt and Sudan werent involved and it was a shock for the prime minister because the agreement put an end to the assurance of signatory states towards Egypt. Egypt sent a report to the national security agency and the ministry of foreign affairs to aid us on this false agreement that Egypt didnt sign to but unfortunately no action was taken. But Egypts legal advisor moahamed sameh amr said that they had more than one problem blocking the accomplishment of the framework agreement by foundation countries without the contribution of Egypt and Sudan. First of all the incomplete agreement between the Nile basin countries since the they didnt not meet legal requirements, most importantly the text of Article 14b residues under discussion, which pertains to Egypts privileges to river water according to previous international agreements. Authorized committees had agreed to follow a consensual not a mainstream decision-making model, as is the rule for adopting resolutions. Most importantly the agreement was signed and this leads to a clear contravention of standing rules since it was opened for signatures before reaching consensus. The fact that some source countries have already signed unilaterally is a breach of procedure. Amr has stated I an important question: How can we reach out to these countries at a time when they are drafting agreements against Egypts interests? This cooperation will not be fruitful because of them. concerning the legal consequence of source countries unilaterally signing the agreement without upriver states, Amr clarified that according to international law the agreement is not obligatory except for on its signatories, and that they alone are responsible for its stipulations. This means that legal action is confined to the signatories and anyone else is considered a third party, even if they had participated in the negotiation process. At the same time other countries cant cross the line of the international rules before notifying any development project they are willing to make therefore Egypt must take notice or be consulted before any country of upper river are willing to take action. The director of the centre for African studies and research has stated that the relation between the source countries and the other country that are upriver in particularly Egypt is fractured. He also added that Ethiopia has played an aggressive role and despite of Cairos policies it will be hard to change this ro le. The Ethiopians regularly maintain Egyptian imperialism. Conclusion: In my point of view water pollution cannot be solved if they have found one it would be that much of a problem or Hassel, the Egyptian government has taken the aid of the water user association (WUA) in order to improve the management of water distribution and the failure of the agriculture and irrigation system by doing only this step we can solve water crisis in Egypt because the irrigation system wastes about 8-17 billion cubic meter of water a year and the Egyptian government consumes 55 billion cubic meter of water per year. In order to make some different in this prospective we have 3 major categories education, laws and economics. By education u make people aware by the problem and how they can try to solve it. Like in Britain when they suffered from catching illness from polluted water and they formed and organization called surfers against sewage to make the government and water companies to work and clean up. By law the government has to put rules against polluters and sanctions against factories that produce pollution and each country should have a certain amount of pollution it should produce. By economics they all think in economics the best way to fight pollution is to do something called polluter pays principles its exactly the same like laws who ever creates pollution should pay for it and to clean up for what he did. Outline Introduction Literature review Water pollution Causes of water pollution and drought in Egypt Effects of water pollution and droughts in Egypt Solutions to water pollution and drought in Egypt Conclusion

Symbolism in Jacksons The Lottery Essay -- The Lottery Essays

Lottery: A Terrifying Trip Symbols can be used to convey a special meaning to the reader by association, especially when a material object is used to represent something abstract. Throughout the years, American writers have been using their works as a way to describe society to their broad audiences. As time periods change, writers as well as readers change their view about society. Several factors affect how readers view society in a piece of literature. To get a better understanding of the society expressed in a piece of literature, one must consider not only the time period in which the work was written, but also the life of the author, the style in which the work was written, and criticism of the piece. In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† the society is demonstrated as unchangeable due to the underlying fear and evil of human nature. By using, main types of symbols represented in this story, are characters' names and objects. Jackson wrote several pieces of literature throughout her life, she is most known for her short story â€Å"The Lottery.† The lottery takes place in a small town on June 27th. The lottery is an annual event handled by Mr. Summers and the postman, Mr. Graves. The night before the lottery, Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves made slips of paper that are placed in an old black box that has been used for the lottery for a very long time. The children are the first to arrive for the lottery, then the men, followed by the women. As Mr. Summers calls the names of the families in the town, heads of the households, the men, come and draw slips of paper from the black box. During the lottery, Mrs. Adams mentions that the other towns are thinking of stopping their lottery, to which Old Man Warner responds it wil... ...l human character. Writers of American literature have many different opinions on the society. In order for readers to understand an author’s view on the society, they must look at many different aspects including the writer’s life and the time period in which the work was written. Though writers have different theories about the society, they express their philosophies into their work. The town who seem horribly uncivilized, where a son stones his mother, yet they can easily be compared to today's society. Following customs blindfolded in any given society does prove to be fatal, and as I would like to say, disgusting. We need to realize that although, we make a society in the end it is painful for the society as a community to conclude life according to a black box. Work Cited Wilson, Kathleen, ed. Short Stories for Students. Detroit: Gale, 1997.

A Museum Trip

uMuseum trip 1) How have my field trip enriched my understanding of being a Singaporean? -The trip to the museum brought about an indelible experience. I understood the great history of Singapore and how our forefathers survived and fought through the World War 2. Being a Singaporean meant much more than just living a beautiful lion city, instead it is one with great history and commendable spirit of our forefathers that make us, Singaporeans proud of our country. ) What have I learnt from this visit? -I learnt that the success of Singapore was brought about by many of our ancestors/forefathers/great leaders, and the peace and stability in our country cannot be taken for granted. Regardless of race, language or religion, everyone must work together to build a conducive society for ourselves and the future generation. 3) What are the highlights and key observations of my visit? The highlights of the visit was the world war 2 exhibition where we saw the stages of the war, which include s the downfall and the rise of Singapore. Another highlight was how life was like, in the past, and it was an eye opening experience as it was what I never imagined. Little India trip 1) How have my field trip enriched my understanding of being a Singaporean? -Being a Singaporean Chinese, I hardly went to other cultural places except for Chinatown.However, a trip to little India helped me to understand the cultural values of another race in Singapore. It helped me to understand what their iconic places for common visiting were. 2) What have I learnt from this visit? I learnt the Indian Culture, when we had our meals at a famous Indian eatery, where the bare right hand is used to consume food without a use of cutlery. I also learnt that flower garlands were a common item used when worshipping their gods.Lastly, I also understood the Indian tradition by speaking to the owners of the flower garland shops. 3) What are the highlights and key observations of my visit? -The highlights incl ude a visit to the Tekka Market, where all the common Indian food were. It also includes visits to the Indian temples, small shops which sells accessories such as Indian bangles and others which specializes in selling flowers and garlands.

Edwin Perkins Invented Kool-Aid in the 1920s

Edwin Perkins Invented Kool-Aid in the 1920s Kool-Aid is a household name today.  Nebraska named Kool-Aid as its official state drink  in the late 1990s, while Hastings, Nebraska, the city where the powdered drink was invented, celebrates a yearly summer festival called Kool-Aid Days on the second weekend in August, in honor of their citys claim to fame, notes Wikipedia. If youre an adult, you likely have memories of drinking the powdered beverage on hot, summer days as a child. But, the story of Kool-Aids invention and rise to popularity is an interesting one- literally a rags-to-riches story. Fascinated by Chemistry Edwin Perkins (Jan. 8, 1889–July 3, 1961) was always fascinated by chemistry and enjoyed inventing things, notes the  Hastings Museum of Natural and Cultural History, in describing the inventor of the drink and its most famous resident. As a boy, Perkins worked in his familys general store, which- among other thinigs- sold a fairly new product called Jell-O. The gelatine dessert featured six flavors at the time, produced from a powdered mix. This got Perkins to thinking about creating powdered-mix drinks. When his family moved to southwest Nebraska at the turn of the (20th) century, young Perkins experimented with homemade concoctions in his mother’s kitchen and created the Kool-Aid story. Perkins and his family moved to Hastings in 1920, and in that city in 1922, Perkins invented the Fruit Smack, the forerunner of Kook-Aid, which he sold mainly via mail order. Perkins renamed the drink Kool Ade and then Kool-Aid in 1927, the Hastings Museum notes. All in Color for a Dime The product, which sold for 10 ¢ a packet, was first sold to wholesale grocery, candy, and other suitable markets by mail order in six flavors; strawberry, cherry, lemon-lime, grape, orange, and raspberry, notes the Hastings Museum. In 1929, Kool-Aid was distributed nationwide to grocery stores by food brokers. It was a family project to package and ship the popular soft drink mix around the country. Perkins was also selling other products by mail order- including a mixture to help smokers give up tobacco- but by 1931, the demand for the drink was so strong, other items were dropped so Perkins could concentrate solely on Kool-Aid, the Hastings museum notes, adding that he eventually moved production of the drink to Chicago. Surviving the Depression Perkins survived the Great Depression years by dropping the price for a packet of Kool-Aid to  just 5 ¢- which was considered a bargain even during those lean years. The price reduction worked, and by 1936, Perkins company was posting more than  $1.5 million in annual sales, according to Kool-Aid Days, a website sponsored by Kraft Foods. Years later, Perkins sold his company to General Foods, which is now part of  Kraft Foods, making him a rich man, if a bit sad to cede control of his invention. On Feb. 16, 1953, Edwin Perkins called all his employees together to tell them that on May 15, ownership of Perkins Products would be taken over by General Foods, notes the Kool-Aid Days website. In a chatty informal way, he traced the history of the company, and its six delicious flavors, and how fitting it was now that Kool-Aid would join Jell-O in the General Foods family.

A Farewell to False Love Essays

A Farewell to False Love Essays A Farewell to False Love Paper A Farewell to False Love Paper The writer uses all of these poetic elements to make this poem the best poem In the world. The structure of this poem Is very common for the era that It was written. It Is written In pentameter which Is five pairs of strong and weak syllables. This makes the poem easy to read and it gives it a pleasant structure. It consists of five stanzas with 6 lines each including a rhyming couplet at the end of each stanza. Throughout the poem, each line finishes with a comma, except at the end of each stanza, they finish with a period. This is true for the first four stanzas, but the last one is different, the second last line finishes with a period. The way the author has written the end of the poem suggests that it should end with the second last line, but the is another line after it. The second last line starts with False love, part of the theme of the poem, and ends with adieu, the other part of the theme. Raleigh writes this way to symbolize the idea that no matter how much he thinks that love is a terrible thing, and he doesnt want any part of it, he can never escape it; it is a part of everyones Although love is a part of everyones life and there is no escaping it, Raleigh uses a massive amount of imagery to explain who he perceives love. The entire poem is written in figurative language; the whole thing is a metaphor. Raleigh starts with the idea that he is addressing, Farewell false love, and then the rest of the poem is used to describe what love is to him, and the way he sees it. One example of a metaphor he uses is: A poisoned serpent covered with flowers, which gives the reader the Image that love looks nice and pretty on the outside but is poisoned and evil underneath. Another way that Raleigh describes how much he dislikes the Idea of love and being in love is by using different elements of sound and sense. The first thing that the reader notices in the poem Is the rhyming. The rhyme scheme Is a simple abaca. It gives the poem movement and flow; It makes It easier to read. The second thing that is easy for the reader to notice Is the consonance. Raleigh uses this to draw attention to certain lines throughout the poem. For example: A substance Like the shadow of the sun; we hear the very strong s sound drawing attention to he line, meaning this line Is Important In how Raleigh perceives love. He perceives love as a substance like the shadow of the sun, being cold, dark and gloomy. There Is also some alliteration in the poem drawing attention to certain words phrases tonguing ten poem Tort example: creep Celt Relearn enlisting ten word Celt with alliteration to show the readers that love is deceitful; it deceives the young and prosperous lovers by making it seem desirable and beautiful, but then traps them in a web of poisonous lies and hate. The idea of love being poisonous is one of the few recurring ideas in the poem. Another one is the idea of innocence. The picture of a young boy appears in some of the stanzas, An envious boy, from who all cares arise, An idle boy that sleeps in pleasures lap, they are metaphors for the idea that in childhood, there is peace and happiness, and that the innocence of childhood is not lost to the poison or deceit of love. Another more prominent image is the image of nature. Raleigh compares the idea of love to the uncontrollable and terrible elements f nature. He does this because everyone has had an experience with nature and their uncontrollable elements so it is easier to compare it to something that maybe not everyone has experienced. He gets a reaction from the reader whether they have experienced the terrors of love or not. Raleigh incorporates all of these elements to create the best poem in the world. His use of alliteration and consonance draws attention to the parts he wants noticed more than others, and uses imagery to describe further his hate and the terror of love. The best poem in the world should captivate the reader and make them think about what was going on in the mind of the writer when the poem was written. It should incorporate something that the reader can connect to, something that connects the reader and the writer, and experience, a thought or goal. Raleigh uses these ideas and more to bring to life his idea, his opinion, and connect with many readers who feel the same way. This poem could change views on love and desire simply because Raleigh stated his opinion.

Reading strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading strategy - Term Paper Example A learner needs to survey the book or the article before reading it. A learner need to carry a quick over view of the article in an attempt to get the general overview and idea the author intends to communicate (Van Blerkom, 2009). This will help the reader to have some knowledge on all what the article or the book is all about even before embarking on serious reading of the article. Second step applied in this system of reading is the formulation of a question. A learner needs to formulate a key question he or she will be addressing before he engages herself in reading the article or section. For example, a heading like â€Å"sensory adaptation† can be changed to a question like â€Å"what is sensory adaptation†. Formulating questions force a reader to think about what they are reading about (Allen, 2008). It makes a reader to try to predict what the author main point will be. This gives the reader an ample time during the entire reading process as he or she is in a position to easily note down the key point from the article or the book she is reading. The learner after formulating the question, then he or she need to carefully go through the content of the article. This will help him, or her to get the crucial information that will help her in answering the question he or she had formulated in the second stage (Van Blerkom, 2009). As the learner tries to read the article in search of answers to the questions he had formulated before, he or she become actively involved in the text material. After going through the article, the learners need to recite the answer to the question they had formulated at the early stage. The learners need to record the answers using their different words. The learner should not necessarily look at the text they are reading as they recite the answers. If the learner finds it difficult to recall part or all the answers, then they need to glance over the section they were reading again (Allen,

CASE 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CASE 2 - Coursework Example Common stocks are also investment made by stockholders and is recorded as par value. Retained earnings are the portion that a company keeps once dividends are paid to the preferred stockholders. Large corporations hold a considerable amount of retained earnings. Capital surplus defines values created from stocks issued at a premium over par value. Other stockholder equity shows cumulative gains or losses that cannot be recorded on the income statement (â€Å"Financial Statements†, n.d.). The concept outstanding share is contributed to common stocks. They are owned by public as well as by the company employees. A company calculates its market capitalization by multiplying outstanding shares by their current market price. From this perspective, companies do not have outstanding preferred stock shares. Preferred stocks have characteristics of common stock and a bond. They are traded separately from common stock at a different price. Like a bond, preferred stock has fixed rate payment. These stocks do not have voting right. Treasury shares are that share that once were outstanding shares, but later bought back by the company and decommissioned; they do not have voting rights and cannot claim dividend. Treasury share are created to boost up earning per share (EPS). This assignment uses Whole Foods Market from NASDAQ and General Electric Company from NYSE. Both companies report treasury shares but do not disclose the reason. Basic earnings per share (BEPS) implies the amount of a company’s profit that can be allocated to one stock. It is calculated using the formula, BEPS = (Net Income – Preferred dividends) / Weighted average number of common stock. Diluted EPS (DEPS) is calculated in those cases if a company possesses dilutive securities that can be converted into common stock. It is calculated using the formula, DEPS = {(Net income-Preferred dividend)/ Weighted average number of common stock – impact of convertible